Zearalenone adsorption capacity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from pigs

ABSTRACT The ability to adsorb zearalenone by five strain of lactic acid bacteria was evaluated: four strains of Lactobacillus spp. isolated from pig rectal swabs and one commercial strain (Lactobacillus rhamnosus). Several factors affecting the adsorption capacity were evaluated in order to improve the adsorption of the mycotoxin by bacteria. The stability of the zearalenone-bacteria complex was analyzed. In every case, bacterial adsorption capacity was higher than 40.0%. The strain showing the highest adsorption (68.2%) was selected for the following steps of this research. The adsorption percentages obtained after processing 6.5 and 7.5 mL MRS broth were 57.40% + 3.53 and 64.46% + 0.76, respectively. The stability of zearalenone-bacteria complex was evaluated by successively rinsing. In the first rinsing step 42.26% + 0.414 was still bound. In the second rinsing step 25.12% + 0.664 was still bound, whereas 15.82% + 0.675 remained in the pellet after the third rinse. Results obtained demonstrated that Lactic Acid Bacteria has capacity to adsorb zearalenone. Finally adsorption was increased using a higher volume of initial broth. These results could be used to design a new lyophilized powder for detoxification, using lactic acid bacteria as potential zearalenone adsorbents.

Effect of Lactobacillus strains and Saccharomyces boulardii on persistent diarrhea in children

The efficacy of probiotics on persistent diarrhea remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus sp and Saccharomyces boulardii on persistent diarrhea in children. In a double-blind trial eighty-nine children, aged 6-24 months were randomly distributed to receive pasteurized cow milk containing 2 viable lyophilized strains Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophillus strains CERELA, (10(10)-10(12) colony-forming units per g) (n = 30), or lyophilized S. boulardii, (10(10)-10(12) colony forming units per g) (n = 30) or pasteurized cow milk as placebo (n = 29); on each diet 175 g was given twice a day for a 5 day period. Number of depositions, duration of illness and frequency of vomiting were considered. Enteric pathogens were isolated from stools in 40 of the patients, 27 had rotavirus. Lactobacillus and S. boulardii significantly reduced the number of depositions (p < 0.001) and diarrheal duration (p < 0.005). Similarly both significantly (p < 0.002) reduced vomiting as compared with placebo. There was no difference between treatments depending on rotavirus status. In conclusion, L. casei and L. acidophillus strains CERELA and S. boulardii are useful in the management of persistent diarrhea in children

Effect of Lactobacillus strains (L. casei and L. Acidophillus Strains cerela) on bacterial overgrowth-related chronic diarrhea

Small bowel bacterial overgrowth and related diarrhea is a condition that frequently accompanies anatomic disorders, surgically created blind loops or strictures with partial small bowel obstruction and although it is often controlled with antimicrobial therapy, alternative treatment may be needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an oral probiotic preparation of 2 viable lyophilized strains of lactobacilli (1.5 g each) compared with placebo. Twenty two patients with proven overgrowth and chronic diarrhea are described. In random order and double-blind fashion, 2 groups of patients received identical capsules with both Lactobacillus casei and L. acidophillus strains CERELA (12 patients) (LC) and placebo (10 patients) (P) during three consecutive periods of 7 days each followed by a similar three periods of control after withdrawal. At the end of each period the mean daily number of stools, glucose breath H2 test, and symptoms were considered. Lactobacillus were investigated in feces in both groups at day 0 (baseline), on day 21 of treatment with LC and P and on day 21 after withdrawal. Compared with P a significant reduction in mean daily number of stools was achieved with LC (p < 0.005) at 15 days, and (p < 0.0005) at 21 days and the effect was sustained at 7 days and 15 days (p < 0.005) after withdrawal. With respect to breath H2 level a significant decrease in H2 concentration was noted at 7 days (p < 0.005) at 15 days, and 21 days (p < 0.0001) with LC and only a significant decrease (p < 0.005) was observed at 7 days after withdrawal. No significant changes were observed with respect to symptoms. The Lactobacillus CERELA strains were isolated from the feces in all patients LC (n = 12) on day 21, and by contrast no Lactobacillus were observed except in two patients out of seven patients after withdrawal. In summary, this study provides evidence that LC are effective for treatment of bacterial overgrowth--related chronic diarrhea, and suggest that probiotics must be used with continuity.

Micotoxinas: diagnóstico y prevención en aves de corral / Mycotoxins: diagnosis and prevention in poultry

La micotoxicosis es una intoxicación que puede afectar al hombre y los animales y proviene del consumo, inhalación o contacto de alimentos contaminados por micotoxinas. Estas son metabolitos tóxicos producidos por hongos principalmente de los géneros aspergillus, penicillium, fusarium y, en menor grado, alternaria entre otros. Su presencia en granos y alimentos balanceados, tiene un alto impacto en la salud humana-animal y disminuye la calidad y precio de los mismos. Las más importantes para las aves son: aflatoxinas, ocratoxinas, zearalenona, toxina t-2, vomitoxina, citrina y fumonisinas. Los efectos que producen en los animales pueden ser agudos ( hepatitis, nefritis, hemorragias, necrosis del epitelio oral y entérico y muerte), crónicos (reducción en la producción) o la aparición de patologías asociadas a la disminución en la resitencia inmunológica. El inicio del problema puede relacionarse con una partida nueva de alimento, un cambio de proveedor o el uso de materias primas de baja calidad. La forma más adecuada de evitar las intoxicaciones es impedir la ingesta de alimentos contaminados por micotoxinas. Las medidas de prevención para minimizar este problema en los alimentos pueden realizarse antes (precosecha). El uso de absorbentes o secuestrantes y/o levadura de cerveza en el alimento para aves, es una interesante propuesta para detoxificar los piensos contaminados. La utilización de especias, productos de ginseng, cafeína, alfalfa, colestiramina, bacterias y hongos para combatir esta intoxicación todavía deben ser más estudiadas para su aplicación en aves. La mayoría de los países sólo cuentan con regulaciones principalmente para la presencia de aflatoxinas en los alimentos de uso animal y humano. Se espera que en un futuro próximo la legislación se extienda a las otras micotoxinas